Bioinformatics
STAT115-2020
Lect1.1 Bioinfo History

Lect1.1 Bioinfo History.

  • 1955: sanger sequenced bovine insuline invented methode to sequence protein.

  • 1970: Smith-waterman algorithm developed sequence aligement algorithm

  • 1973 : PDB Not only sequnce but the structure of the protein is important as function of protein's are based on their structure. XRD -> PDB

  • 1990: BLAST we used to compare every seq to every other seq but not good in performace so created basls to check the similar seq.

  • 1994 : BLOCKS Database helps to check the specific seq halps to predict the behabiour from the sequence, this seq patterns indicated the patter

  • 1994: CAPS to predict the protein structure. group of protein structe got together and developed this CAPS

  • 1997: Proteomics

  • 2017: Proteomics through genomics

CAPS Competion

CAPS competition happens every 2 years organiser get togeter ask crystallographer from the world, to solve protein structrue, the real botterlneck is the ability to obtain pure protein structure. Deepmind's AlphaFold. organiser chekc who made the best prediction. wikipedia CAPS (opens in a new tab) Alfafold Paper (opens in a new tab)

The Microarray Wave

  • Microarray contains hundreds to millions of tiny probes
  • simultaneouliy detect how much each gene is expressed.

The DNA Microarray is a tool used to determine wether the DNA from a particular indicidual contins a mutation in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2.Today, DNA microarrays are used in clinical diagnostic tests for some diseases. Sometimes they are also used to determine which drugs might be best prescribed for particular individuals, because genes determine how our bodies handle the chemistry related to those drugs. DNA Microarray Technology (opens in a new tab)

The DNA Sequencing Wave

  • 1953: DNA structure
  • 1972: Recombinant DNA cut, stich the DNA
  • 1977: Snager Sequencing won nobel price
  • 1985: PCR to amplify one sequence many many times
  • 1988: NCBI Database for the DNA Protein Sequence
  • 1990: BLAST Blast database helps to check the sequence wether it's new sequencec

Human Genome Race

Clone by Clone (Private) and Whole-genome shotgun (public)

Now world uses Whole-genome shotgun Method (Sanger Sequencing) Shotgun Sequencing (opens in a new tab)

Chapter 3.5.1 Bwt and Lf MappingLect1.2 Big Data Challenge